A meeting of eurozone finance ministers ended on April 8 without agreement on how to pay the huge costs of dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic, the Financial Times reports. Italian and Dutch ministers had disagreed sharply over the idea of ‘coronabonds’ – a form of shared debt. Northern European governments were also unwilling to remove conditions on loans from the European Stability Mechanism, a fund that has been set up to help eurozone economies in difficulty.
Before the meeting started, more than 300 political scientists, historians, sociologists, economists and international experts from thirty European countries published an open letter to the German Chancellor, Angela Merkel. The signatories, including two Nobel laureates, more than twenty MEPs, the former head of the International Atomic Agency and the general secretary of the European Trade Union conference, call upon Merkel to support the creation of European bonds to finance economic recovery from the coronavirus pandemic.
Here is the full text of the letter:
Sehr geehrte Frau Kanzlerin,
Throughout the coronavirus outbreak – as so many times before – you have shown leadership for your country. Both as a chancellor and as a physicist you grasped the depth of the sanitary emergency and the challenges it represents to Europe as a whole.
We now turn to you as German and European citizens to ask you, in the best tradition of German European policy, to lead a united European response to the economic and financial crisis prompted by this pandemic.
With great concern we witness growing anger, acrimony and resentment between countries in the South and the North of Europe. An epidemic knows no barriers between North and South, nor should it be permitted to create them. Rather, as an existential threat to the European Union as a whole, it calls for new forms of European solidarity.
Unless such new forms of European solidarity will be found, some countries will be facing far deeper consequences than others. This alarms us. We know Germany remembers the dramatic recession it suffered after the First World War. If the other European countries had prevented that recession, how would history have played out? Wasn’t the European Union created precisely to write a different history?
Since the end of WWII, Germany, more than any other country, has had the capacity to learn from its bitter past. The immediate reform of its armed forces and, above all, the painful but rigorous facing of individual and collective atrocities, are and remain the foundation of a new Germany as well as important aspects of a European heritage.
In difficult circumstances your country’s vision for Europe has prevailed over even legitimate national claims. No supporter of a United Europe can forget the lifelong commitment of Willy Brandt to a European Germany as opposed to a German Europe. A commitment shared by Helmut Kohl, who gained his place in history as an essential partner of a virtuous exchange between the creation of the euro and the immediate unification of Germany, which came about through dialogue and in solidarity with Europe as a whole.
The present pandemic is an unforeseen emergency that calls for similar dialogue and solidarity, in the ultimate interest of everybody concerned.
European bonds, tied to this context but of much greater historical significance, are the necessary guarantee and fulfillment of the efforts made by the European Central Bank and individual nations. As suggested by leading German and European economists such a proposal would allow to tackle an emergency that could otherwise turn into a eurozone crisis and, ultimately, into a social and economic tragedy. A century ago, European nations did not listen to the advice of John Maynard Keynes and other leading economists and thinkers, with catastrophic consequences. We must not make the same mistake now.
It is of paramount importance to act now and show the people of Europe that we are actually doing so in an extraordinary way. We ask you to lead this action in the European Council, signalling to the world that Europeans stand together in the face of this crisis and are ready to do whatever it takes to preserve our union and in fact strengthen it in the face of hardship.
We are confident, sehr geehrte Frau Merkel, that this will happen under your tenureship and add to your legacy as Bundeskanzlerin and as a great European.
Sincerely yours,
Alberto Alemanno – Jean Monnet Professor in EU Law at HEC Paris – Paris, France
Sigrún Aðalbjarnardóttir – Professor Emeritus – Reykjavík, Iceland
Carolina Alves – Research Fellow in Heterodox Economics University of Cambridge – Cambridge, UK
Natalia Alves – University Professor – Lisbon, Portugal
Rasmus Andresen – MEP – Germany
Milan Antonijevic – Director, Open Society Foundation Serbia – Belgrade, Serbia
Marie Arena – MEP – Belgium
Angeles Arevalo – Research Scientist at CSIC – Madrid, Spain
Maria Teresa Grande Azañedo – European Projects Office, CIEMAT – Madrid, Spain
Hans Bacher – Professor at University of Linz – Austria
Johann Bacher – Professor of Sociology – Austria
Donatella Badin – Retired Academic – Belgium
Angela Bail – Artist – La Hulpe, Belgium/Germany
Christoph Bail – Minister Councellor, European Commission rtd – Stamberg, Germany
Amanda Baker-Frommholz – Teacher – Berlin, Germany
Susanna Balcells – Professor in Genetics at Universitat de Barcelona – Barcelona, Spain
Antonio Barbadilla – Professor in Genetics, University Autonoma Barcelona – Barcelona, Spain
John Barnes – Professor – Germany
Anthony Barnett – Writer and activist – Oxford, UK
Eugenio Barone – Professor of Biochemistry, Sapienza University of Rome – Rome, Italy
Quique Bassat – ICREA Research Professor, Barcelona Institute for Global Health, ISGlobal – Barcelona, Spain
Alberica Bazzoni – British Academy Postdoctoral Fellow at University of Warwick – UK
Catherine Bearder – former MEP – UK
Elias Bechere – Researcher – Spain
James Beechey – Art Historian – London, UK
Andrea Bellelli – Full Professor of Biochemistry, Sapienza University of Rome – Rome, Italy
Brando Benifei – MEP – Italy
Volker Berghahn – Seth Low Professor Emeritus of History – New York, USA
Violeta Berisha – UNHCR Ambassador – Prishtina, Kosovo
Felice C. Besostri – former Italian Senator, 1996-2001 and Member of PACE – Milano, Italy
Hans Blix – Director General Emeritus of the IAEA – Vienna, Austria
Cinthia Bianconi – President Adriano Olivetti Foundation – Rome, Italy
Anna Bigas – PhD Cell Biology – Barcelona, Spain
Akeel Bilgrami – Professor of Philosophy at Columbia University – New York, USA
Marja Bijl – Vicepresident PES WOMEN – Rotterdam, Netherlands
Emmanouil Bikakis – Consultant – Athens, Greece
Benjamin Bodson – Academ. Assist. In EU Law at UCLouvain & City Councillor – Liege, Belgium
Floriana Bondanese – Lawyer – London, UK
Irina Bondarevskaya – Associate professor, University of Educational Management NAES – Kiev, Ukraine
Maria Carmela Bonaccorsi – Researcher, Sapienza University of Rome – Rome, Italy
Simona Borselli – Philosopher – Capri, Italy
Mario Bova – Ambassador, former Director General for Europe, Ministry of Foreign Affairs – Italy
Franziska Brantner – former MEP and current MdB, Grünen – Berlin, Germany
Giovanni Brauzi – retired Italian Diplomat – Rome, Italy
Tim Brighaus – lately Commissioner for London Schools – Oxford, UK
Judith Bunting – former MEP and filmmaker – UK
Marius Busemeyer – Professor of Political Science, University of Konstanz – Germany
Ana Paula Caetano – Professor of Education – Lisboa, Portugal
Joanne Callaghan – Artist – Northwich, UK
Sari Cantrill – BA German/ PGCE German – Nottingham, UK
Gustavo Cardoso – Full Professor Media and Society – Lisboa, Portugal
Ian Carter – Professor of Political Philosophy at University of Pavia – Italy
Paula Casal – ICREA Professor of Political Philosophy – Barcelona, Spain
Roger Casale – New Europeans
Raquel Garcia-Castellanos – Molecular Biology Researcher – Barcelona, Spain
Stephan Castles – Honorary Professor in Sociology at University of Sydney – Australia
Yohann Chaigneau – Economist BEI – Luxembourg, Luxembourg
Sandra Chistolini – Professor of Education, University of Rome 3 – Rome, Italy
Kerry Ann Christelow – Business Change Manager – Oxford, UK
Philip Cole – Former Head of English Translation Service at European Parliament – UK
Roberto Contestabile – Associate Professor of Biochemistry, Sapienza University – Rome, Italy
Hélène Conway-Mouret – Vice-présidente du sénat Paris, France
Valerio Consalvi – Associate Professor of Biochemistry, Sapienza University – Rome, Italy
Luke Cooper – Consultant researcher at London School of Economics, CCS – London, UK
Melinda Cooper – Professor of Sociology and Social Policy – Canberra, Australia
Manuel Cortes – General Secretary TSSA – London, UK
Colin Crouch – Sociologist – Oxford, UK
José M. Cuezva – Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at Unversidad Autónoma de Madrid – Spain
Rosa D’Amato – MEP – Italy
Veena Das – Professor of Anthropology at Johns Hopkins University – Baltimore, USA
Donatella Della Porta – Professor of Political Science at Scuola Normale Superiore – Florence, Italy
Petra De Sutter – MEP – Belgium
Laura De Vito – Research Fellow – Italy/ UK
Mara Dierssen – Neuroscientist, MD, PhD Centre Genomic Regulation – Barcelona, Spain
Caterina Di Fazio – Maastricht University/Agora Europe Co-founder – Maastricht, Netherlands
Zefi Dimadama – Vice President PESWOMEN / Dep. Spokesperson KINAL, PASOK – Athens, Greece
Milos Djajic – Independent Associate at Academy of Arts in Novi Sad – Serbia
Pascal Durand – MEP – France
Carmen Dutu – Associate Professor at Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University – Bucharest, Rumania
Jill Ebrey – Research Associate in Sociology – University of Manchester, UK
David Edgerton – Professor of Modern British History at King’s College – London, UK
David Edye – University Teacher – London, UK
Annika Elm, Senior Lecturer in Education – Gavle, Sweden
Ionas Erb – Bioinformatician – Barcelona, Spain
Guillem Anglada Escude – Research Fellow in Space Science, Barcelona, Spain
Roberto Esposito – Professor Scuola Normale Superiore – Pisa, Italia
Richard Etienne – Professeur émérite en sciences de l’éducation – Montpellier, France
Trevor Evans – Professor of Economics – Berlin, Germany
Daniel Innerarity – Professor of Political Philosophy at University of the Basque Country – Spain
Stefano Fachin, Professor of Economic Statistics, Sapienza University – Rome, Italy
Nick Fahy – Research Fellow at University of Oxford – Oxford, UK
Anna Falcone – Avvocato – Rome, Italy
Ana Maria Falu – Emeritus Professor National University of Cordoba – Cordoba, Argentina
Emanuele Felice – Professor of Political Economy, Università di Chieti-Pescara – Italy
Roberto Ferrari – Associate Professor – Parma, Italy
Josep Ferret Mas – Lecturer in Philosophy – Barcelona, Spain
Mark Flear – Reader in Law at Queen’s University Belfast – Belfast, northern Ireland
Marc Fleurbaey – Robert E. Kuenne Professor of Economics and Humanistic Studies – Princeton, USA
Valentina Ficola – Veterinarian – Italy
Vincenzo G Fiore – Instructor – New York, USA
Michele Fiorillo – CIVICO Europa /Scuola Normale Superiore – Verona, Italia
Annarita Fiorillo, Researcher in Biomedical Sciences, Sapienza University – Rome, Italy
Carlton Fitzgerald – Professor University of Oradea – Romania
Paolo Fontana – Presidente Associazione Chernobyl di Maranello, MO – Formigine, Italy
Jack Franco – DiEM25 UK National Collective – London, UK
Jean Franco – Student at the University of Oxford, London, UK
Joachim Frank – Professor at Columbia University; 2017 Nobel Prize in Chemistry – New York, USA
Isabel Freire – Associate Professor University of Lisbon – Lisbon, Portugal
Christian Freksa – Research Professor of Cognitive Systems – Bremen, Germany
Carlos del Fresno – Biomedical Researcher – Madrid, Spain
Ute Frevert – Director, Max Planck Institute for Human Development – Berlin, Germany
Luis Miguel Garcia-Segura – Research Professor at CSIC – Madrid, Spain
Timothy Garton Ash – Professor of European Studies, University of Oxford – Oxford, UK
Matteo M. Galizzi – Behavioural Economist, LSE – London, UK
Giorgio Giardina, Assistant Professor Structural Biology, Rome, Italy
Geoff Gibas – Communications Strategist/ Covid19 Best Practice Task Force – Bulle, Switzerland
Dr Chirs Gifford, Postgraduate Course Director, Huddersfield, UK
Andrea Glauser – Sociologist, Professor of Cultural Studies – Vienna, Austria
Raphaël Glucksmann – MEP – France
Santiago Goicoechea – Development Economist – Madrid, Spain
Jason Gold – Photographer – Skopje, northern Macedonia
Ana Gomes – former MEP – Portugal
Cécilia Gondard – National Secretary, Parti Socialiste – France
Alec Goodall – HNC Buisness and Finance – Aachen, Germany
Sandro Gozi – MEP – France
Thomas Graf – Scientist – Spain
Piero Graglia – Professor of History of European integration at University of Milan – Milan, Italy
Stephany Griffith-Jones – Emeritus Professorial Fellow, IDS, Sussex University – Sussex, UK
Gianluca Grimalda – Senior researcher at the Kiel Institute for the World Economy – Kiel, Germany
Daniel Grinberg – Professor of Genetics, University of Barcelona – Barcelona, Spain
Margin Grubinger – Professor Mozarteum Salzburg, Percussionist – Salzburg, Austria
Enrique Guerrero – former MEP – Spain
Francisco Guerreiro – MEP – Portugal
Bernard Guetta – MEP – France
Catherine Guicherd – Senior Consultant in humanitarian assistance – France
Albert Diaz Guilera – Professor – Salou, Catalonia
Sacriste Guillaume – Assistant professor in political science Université Paris 1 – Paris, France
Paula Guimarães – Assistant professor – Lisbona, Portugal
Nicole Tutiaux Guillon – Professor Emeritus in Science of Education – Vertou, France
José Gusmão – MEP – Portugal
Colin Hay – Professor of political science, Institut d’Etudes Politiques – Paris, France
Antonio Sánchez Herranz – Retired scientific from Hospital Ramón y Cajal – Madrid, Spain
Tamara Hervey – Jean Monnet Professor of EU Law – Sheffield, UK
Susan Himmelweit – Emeritus Professor of Economics, Open University – UK
Felix Hoffmann – coordinator Take a Break from Brexit – Breisach, Germany
Dominik Hoffmann – Artist – Freiburg, Germany
Bojana Culum Ilic – Associate professor in Education – University of Rijeka – Croatia
Marita Imhäuser – Krauß, Pensioneer, Fernwald, Germany
Michael Jacobs – Professor of Political Economy, University of Sheffield – Sheffield, UK
Harold James – Professor of History and International Affairs – Princeton, USA
Sheila Jasanoff – Professor of Public Policy – Cambridge, USA
Francisco Javier – Head director university library – Madrid, Spain
Christoph Jetter – Psychiatrist, Hamburg, Germany
Janina Jetter – Translator – Oxford, UK
Michael Jonas – Sociologist – Vienna, Austria
Ben Judah – Author and fellow at the Hudson Institute – London, UK
Naila Kabeer – Professor, International Development and Gender Studies – London, UK
Mary Kaldor – Professor of Global Governance, London School of Economics – London, UK
Nathalie Karagiannis – Poet and researcher – Barcelona, Spain
Andreas Kalyvas – Associate Professor of Politics -, Greece
John Katsillis – Professor of Education – University of Patras, Greece
Savvas Katzikides – University of Cyprus – Cyprus
Michaela Kauer – Senior Official in Public EU Affairs – Vienna, Austria
Alexandre Z. Khan – Researcher and Entrepreneur – Paris, France
Jude Kirton-Darling – former UK MEP – Bruxelles, Belgium
Sue Konzelmann – Reader in Management, Birbeck, University of London – UK
Arndt Kohn – former German MEP, SPD – Stolberg, Germany
Jürgen Kocka – Professor Emeritus für Geschichte, Freie Universität Berlin – Berlin, Germany
Martin Krauß – Dipl. Kfm. – Fernwald, Germany
Robert Kunst – Professor of Economics – Vienna, Austria
Aurore Lalucq – MEP – France
Johannes C. Landman – Ambassador of the Netherlands, rtd – Netherlands/France
Emilio Lastrucci – Professor University of Basilicata – University La Sapienza – Rome, Italy
Simona Laurian-Fitzgerald – Associate professor social study University of Oradea – Romania
Pilar Lauzurica – Researcher – Madrid, Spain
Marc Lazar – Professor of history and sociology, Institut d’Etudes Politiques – Paris, France
Yolanda Leask – Designer – Berlin, Germany
Carole Leathwood – Professor Emeritus – UK
Jo Leinen – former German MEP, SPD – Germany
Eveline Le Roy – Coordinator international relations VIVES University of Applied Sciences – Kortrijk, Belgium
Sonja Licht – Belgrade Fund for Political Excellence and Steering Board of Belgrade Security Forum – Belgrade, Serbia
Beate Littig – Dozent, Institute for Advanced Studies – Vienna, Austria
Jose J. Lucas – CSIC Research Professor – Madrid, Spain
Nora Lustig – Professor of Economics – New Orleans, USA
Aurelie Mahalatchimy – CNRS permanent Researcher – Aix-en-Provence, France
Grégoire Mallard – Professor of Anthropology and Sociology, Graduate Institute Geneve – Switzerland and Germany
Josef Mitterer – Philosopher, Professor Emeritus, University of Klagenfurt – Austria
Andrea Mommone – Historian at University of London – London, UK
Jorge Marcano – Master of Work and Organisational Psychology – Vienna, Austria
Gemma Marfany – Professor of Genetic/ Universitat de Barcelona – Barcelona, Spain
Chiara Mariotti – Development Economist – London, UK
Dora Marucco – Professor of history of political institutions – Torino, Italy
Giorgio Maran – Writer and activist – Varese, Italy
Massimo Matteoli – Avvocato – Empoli, Italy
Marisa Matias – MEP – Portugal
Roulla Mavronikola – former MEP – Cyprus
Grzegorz Mazurkiewicz – Professor at Jagiellonian University – Krakow, Poland
Karen Melchior – MEP – Denmark
Yves Mény – Emeritus President European University Institute – France
Antonio Metastasio – Consultant Psychiatrist – London, UK
Adriana Erica Miele – Professor of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Sapienza University – Rome, Italy
Anna Migone – Student at Oxford University – Oxford, UK
Gian Giacomo Migone, former chair Foreign Relations Committee, Senate of the Republic of Italy – Italy
Niccolo Milanese – Director European Alternatives – Paris, France
Sadia Mir – Academic in economics & policy, WUNRN EU – Bruxelles, Belgium
Emilia Mira – Scientist – Mardid, Spain
Dorota Misieuk – Professor at University of Bialystok – Poland
Shaffaq Mohammed – former MEP – UK
Simon Mohun – Emeritus professor of political economy, Queen Mary University – London, UK
Aixa V Morales – Neuroscientist at Cajal Institute/ CSIC – Madrid, Spain
Federico M. Mucciarelli – Full Professor of Business Law – Modena, Italy
Fabian Muniesa – Professor of Social Science – Paris, France
Andrew Mycock – Reader in Politics at University of Huddersfield – Huddersfield, UK
Dr Johnna Montgomerie – Head of Department, European and International Studies, King’s College – London, UK
Secui Monica – Associate Professor University of Oradea – Oradea, Romania
Jose Juan Moreso – Professor of Legal Philosophy Pompeu Fabra University – Barcelona, Spain
Richard Murphy – Professor of Practice in International Political Economy, City University – London, UK
Sandro Natalini – Former city councillor – Rome, Italy
Marta Navarrete – Neuroscientist – Madrid, Spain
Katarzyna Anna Nawrot – Committee of Future Studies Poland 2000 Plus, Polish Academy of Sciences – Poland
Graham Newell – Director at IRIS Connect, Brighton, UK
Lucy Nethsingha – former MEP – UK
Ines Newman – Honorary research fellow, De Montfort University – London, UK
Michael Newman – Jean Monnet Personal Chair – London, UK
Andrea Nightingale – Professor of Geography – Oslo, Norway
Thomas Nowotny – Dozent at University of Vienna/ ex-diplomat – Vienna, Austria
Laura Ochoa – Postdoc PhD – Logrono, Spain
Maria Odete Valente – Professor of Science Education University of Lisbon – Lisbon, Portugal
Simone Oggionni – chair culture department Articolo Uno/LeU – Rome, Italy
Serena Olsaretti – Professor, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies – Barcelona, Spain
Martin O’Neill – Senior Lecturer in Political Philosophy – York, UK
Grace O’Sullivan – MEP – Ireland
Francesco Palermo – Professor of Law, University of Verona, former Italian Senator, Member of the Scientific Committee of the EU Fundamental Rights Agency – Bolzano, Italy
Theo Panaritis – Customer Education Specialist – Athens, Greece
Maria Antonia Panasci, Doctoral Researcher, Durham, UK
Giovanni Paoloni, Director – Postgraduate School for Archival and Library Heritage, Università “La Sapienza” – Rome, Italy
Jesus M Paramio – Head of Molecular Oncology Unit CIEMAT and Biomed ResInst Hosp Univ “12 de Octubre” – Madrid, Spain
Prabhat Patnaik – Professor Emeritus, Jawaharlal Nehru University – New Delhi, India
Chris Paul – Mobilities Justice Researcher – Manchester, UK
Fátima Pereira – Associate Professor with Habilitation – Porto, Portugal
Gabriele Pessl – Sociologist, – Austria
Theofanis A. Petkos – Software Engineer – Athens, Greece
Sotrios Pilchos – Insurance Agent/ BA, Hons and MBA – Athens, Greece
Andrea Pisauro – Researcher in Experimental Psychology – University of Oxford, UK
John Polanyi – Professor of Chemistry, Nobel Laureate, University of Toronto – Canada
Andrea Porcarelli – Associated Professor of Pedagogy in Padua University – Padova, Italy
Paola Poldelmengo – former teacher, Law and Economics – Treviso, Italy.
Stefano Prato – Managing Director, Society for International Development, SID – Italy
Omri Preiss – Managing Director, Alliance4Europe – Bruxelles, Belgium
Christina Preston – Professor of Education Innovation – UK
Teresa Pullano – Assistant Professor in European Global Studies – Basel, Switzerland
Hillel Rapoport – Professor of Economics – Paris, France
Antonio Maldonado Rico – Profesor de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid – Spain
Inigo González-Ricoy – Associate Professor, University of Barcelona – Barcelona, Spain
Andrea Rigon – Associate Professor at University College London – London, UK
John E. Roemer – Professor of politics and economics – Yale, USA
Sandra Rone – Leading researcher Institute of Humanities, director Inclusive Educational Development Centre – Riga, Latvia
Pierre Rosanvallon, Professor of modern and contemporary political history, College de France – Paris, France
Alistair Ross – Jean Monnet Professor of Politics and Education, London Metropolitan University – London, UK
Rinaldo Rui – Professor of Physics, University of Trieste – Trieste, Italy
Martin Sabrow – Director Leibniz-Zentrum für Zeithistorische Forschung – Potsdam, Germany
Guillaume Sacriste – Assistant professor in political science, Université Paris 1 – Paris, France
Marie Laure Salles-Djelic – Professor, Dean School of Management and Innovation, Sciences Po – Paris, France
Julia Morales Sanfrutos – Specialised technician in Proteomics – Barcelona, Spain
Anabel Sanz – Innovation Manager – Spain
Saskia Sassen – Professor of Sociology – New York, USA and London, UK
Marko Savkovic – Executive Director, Belgrade Fund for Political Excellence, Steering Board, Belgrade Security Forum – Belgrade, Serbia
Hannah Sawtell – Freelance Illustrator – Nottingham, UK
Thomas Schmidinger – Political Scientist, University of Vienna – Vienna, Austria
Alain Desmazieres de Sechelles – Honorary Member of the Paris Bar – Ganges/ Herault, France
Anna Sergi – Senior Lecturer – UK
Wolfram Siemann – Professor Emeritus of European History – Munchen, Germany
Brigitte Soelch – Art-Historian, Professor in Architecture History and Theory – Germany
Florbela Sousa – Senior Assistant Professor – Lisbon, Portugal
Stefania Spagnolo – Professor of Experimental Physics, Universita del Salento – Italy
Ognen Spasovski – Professor in Psychology, UKIM – Skopje, Macedonia
Barbara Spinelli – former MEP – Italy
Julia Spinthourakis – Professor, University of Patras – Greece
Shauna Stack – Researcher in social studies – Vienna, Austria
Olle Svenning – Columnist and former editor of “Aftonbladet” – Stockholm, Sweden
Francois Taddei – Director, The Center for Research and Interdisciplinarity – Paris, France
Dominique Taddei – Economist – Monticello, France
Xavier d’Anglemont de Tassigny – Research Scientist, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville – Seville, Spain
Fassone Maria Theresa – Cost Accountant – France
Francesco Tirino – Associate Professor of Economics – Alicante, Spain
Irène Tolleret – MEP – France
Marta Cosin Tomas – Postdoctoral fellow in Public Health Epigenetics – Barcelona, Spain
Desa Milkotin Tomic – Professor of European Commercial Law at Jean Monnet Chair at University of Zagreb – Zagreb, Croatia
Catia Tozzi – Economic and financial civil servant – Foligno, Italy
Antonella Tramutola – Researcher – Rome, Italy
H. Peter Trommsdorf – Research Director/ Professor retired – France
Marion Trommsdorff – Examiner at the European Patent Office – München, Germany
Dimitrios Tsarapatsanis – Lecturer of Law/ University of York – Sheffield, UK
Dimitris Tsingos – Entrepreneur – Athens, Greece
Panagiota Tzelepi – Professor Emerita University of Patras – Patras, Greece
Philip Ueffig – International Civil Servant – New York, USA
Nadia Urbinati – Professor of Political Science, Columbia University – New York, USA
Anne-Marie Van den Dries – Former Head Internationalisation VIVES – De Pinte Belgium
Joost van Loon – Professor of Sociology – Eichstätt, Germany
Shahin Vallee – Economist – Berlin, Germany
Beatrice Vallone – Biochemist/ University Lecturer – Rome, Italy
Federico Varese – Professor of Criminology, Oxford University – Oxford, UK
Antoine Vauchez – CNRS Research professor at Université Paris – Paris, France
Mariano Sixto Carrión Vázquez – Staff Scientist at the Cajal Institute, CSIC – Madrid, Spain
Juan Carlos Velasco – Research Professor in Philosophy at CSIC – Madrid, Spain
Lars Velten – Research Group Leader – Barcelona, Spain
Roberto Veneziani – Professor of Economics – London, UK
Miguel Vidal – Research Scientist Centro Investigaciones Biológicas/ CSIC – Madrid, Spain
Mara Vidnere – Professor Institute of Economics and Management Research – Riga, Latvia
Rosario Moratalla Villalba – Principal Investigator/Full Professor – Madrid, Spain
Luca Visentini – General Secretary, European Trade Union Confederation – Bruxelles, Belgium
Caroline Voaden – former MEP – UK
Ingrid Volkmer – Professor, Digital Policy, University of Melbourne – Australia and Germany
Ulrich Volz – Director of the Centre for Sustainable Finance, SOAS – London, UK
Astrid Wagner – Research Scientist in Philosophy at CSIC – Madrid, Spain
Peter Wagner – Professor of Social Sciences – University of Barcelona – Spain and Germany
Willy van Walleghem – former President fed Touroperators alumnus college of Europe, Belgium
Julie Ward – former UK MEP – UK
Andi Wecker – Film und TV Produzent – Köln, Germany
John Weeks – Professor Emeritus of Economics, SOAS – London, UK
Bernd Wegner – Professor Emeritus of Modern European History – Hamburg, Germany
Josef Weidenholzer, professor Emeritus, former MEP and Vice President of S&D Group – Linz Austria
Pia Wenningmann – Civil Servant – Germany
Irina von Wiese – former MEP – UK
Andrew Williams – ICREA Research Professor – Barcelona, Spain
Michael Wildt – Historian – Berlin, Germany
Jakub Winnicki – diplomé du Collège d’Europe, ancien Sécretaire Général de la CCI Franco-Polonaise – France
Rudolf Winter-Ebmer – Professor of Economics – Linz, Austria
Andreas Wittel – Lecturer – Nottingham, UK
Nikki Wordsmith – Writer – London, UK
Chrysoula Zacharopoulou – MEP – France
Luca Zamparini – Professor of Political Economy, Università del Salento – Lecce, Italy
Michael Zeuske – Senior Research Professor, University of Bonn – Bonn, Germany
Tatiana Zimenkova – Professor of Sociology and Vice-President of the Rhine-Waal University of Applied Sciences – Germany
Tana de Zulueta – Spanish-Italian journalist, former member of the Italian Parliament – Rome, Italy
Salma Zulfiqar – Artist – London, UK
9th April 2020